A team of UNC-Chapel Hill researchers has been awarded up to $10 million in Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) funding to develop the Cancer Identification and Precision Oncology Center (CIPOC). The project is designed to improve cancer diagnosis and support personalized treatments by quickly aggregating and analyzing a wide range of health data, including electronic health records, histopathological and radiological images, insurance claims and geographic information.

Specifically, CIPOC will facilitate the development of an oncology health learning system that utilizes AI-ready data to generate real-time identification of new cancer cases, support patient recruitment for research, recommend precision cancer care, and help improve cancer care equity and quality. It also will create an accessible, adaptable system for health providers across diverse locations and resources.

The project is led by four principal investigators across Carolina:

• Ashok Krishnamurthy, PhD, director of the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI) and data science core lead.
• Jennifer Elston Lafata, PhD, professor in the Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and innovation and optimization partners lead.
• Caroline Thompson, PhD, MPH, associate professor of epidemiology at UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health and rapid identification core lead.
• Melissa Troester, PhD, MPH, professor of epidemiology at UNC Gillings and precision oncology core lead.

“CIPOC is a multi-disciplinary project that will significantly advance not just rapid cancer identification and precision oncology but also health data science and informatics,” said Krishnamurthy, a research professor of computer science at UNC-Chapel Hill. “The approaches we are developing can be used in other areas of health care, which is possible because CIPOC brings together diverse expertise across a number of fields to work together on a common goal.”

The project will organize and facilitate collaborative research conducted by faculty, staff and trainees from more than 12 schools, centers, departments and programs at UNC-Chapel Hill with a shared vision to create cutting-edge data tools researchers and practitioners can use at UNC – and in time across North Carolina and the United States – to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

“While precision oncology has made major advances in recent years, translation of these innovations to practice has lagged behind as has our ability to monitor, track, and therefore understand and plan for needed cancer-related services,” said Thompson, a UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center member. “By accelerating the identification of cancer cases and developing innovative informatics tools to make improved, precision recommendations for care, this project can advance the provision of equitable care services and delivery.”

The three-year project will focus on building an oncology learning health system at UNC Health, with the potential to expand across North Carolina and nationally. A learning health system integrates scientific evidence, data and culture into daily care with a commitment to continuous improvement and innovation. The goal is to produce high-quality and high-value care that is equitable across diverse populations.

“As part of our efforts, we are forming a panel of nationally recognized experts and advisors. This panel will provide our team with ongoing feedback and serve as an independent sounding board. Their input is crucial to ensuring the usability and acceptability of our processes and products,” said Lafata, co-lead of the UNC Lineberger’s Cancer Care Quality Initiative. “This step is essential given our focus on accelerating academic discovery, optimizing cancer care delivery and supporting public health reporting. Additionally, these advisers will help us minimize any inherent biases in our work.”

CIPOC will utilize AI tools, including large language modeling, to quickly standardize, harmonize and link structured and unstructured data from multiple sources, enabling more precise tracking and treatment for different cancer types.

It also will develop an AI-driven virtual multidisciplinary tumor board to support the provision of precision oncology care. Studies have shown multidisciplinary tumor boards, in which a group of experts in different specialties review and discuss patients’ medical conditions and treatment options, can improve cancer outcomes. The board will use AI-ready datasets, including electronic health record-derived clinical data and histopathological and radiological images, to help inform prediction of risk and tumor progression as well as treatment decision making.

“We want to make precision oncology more widely available to North Carolinians. This project aims to develop tools that will use common medical record data to define care that responds to each patient’s unique tumor biology, reducing the need for additional, costly testing,” said Troester, co-leader of the UNC Lineberger Cancer Epidemiology Program.

CIPOC will make its data tools open source, allowing them to be scaled and adapted by health systems of any size, thus improving the use of clinical data for research and cancer care across a broad spectrum of communities. This innovation aligns with ARPA-H’s national goals to strengthen health care system resilience and equity.

The development and submission of the ARPA-H proposal was supported by the UNC Office of Research Development, with oversight by Nathan Blouin, MBC, CRA, assistant vice chancellor for research development, and Nate Warren, PhD, research development manager.

The worldwide iRODS community will gather in Amsterdam, NL from May 28-31

Members of the iRODS user community will meet at the Amsterdam Science Park in Amsterdam, NL for the 16th Annual iRODS User Group Meeting to participate in four days of learning, sharing use cases, and discussing new capabilities that have been added to iRODS in the last year.

The event, sponsored by SURF, RENCI, Globus, and Hays, will provide in-person and virtual options for attendance. An audience of over 100 participants representing dozens of academic, government, and commercial institutions is expected to join.

“We are excited to connect with our user community to learn more about the impact and utility of iRODS on a global scale in fields such as public health, materials science, biotechnology, and more.” said Terrell Russell, executive director of the iRODS Consortium. “In addition to learning from one another’s deployments and use cases, the 2024 iRODS User Group Meeting will provide opportunities to network with users around the world and sow the seeds for future collaboration.”

In May, the iRODS Consortium and RENCI announced the release of iRODS 4.3.2. Along with preparation for work on 5.0.0 and important bug fixes for the 4.3 series, notable updates include the new GenQuery2 parser allowing for richer metadata queries into the catalog, fixes for keyword combinations and bad inputs, a number of documentation additions, and a few new deprecation declarations. 

Another new feature is the S3 API v0.2.0. Many software libraries, tools, and applications now read and write the S3 protocol directly. Last year, the iRODS Consortium announced that the then-new iRODS S3 API could present iRODS via the S3 protocol, and shared details about the requirements, design, and initial implementation. This year, users will hear about the first two releases, the implementation of various endpoints, and the state of Multipart transfers.

During last year’s UGM, users were presented an overview and demonstration of exploratory work with further authentication services such as OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect, and the iRODS HTTP API. At this year’s event, the iRODS Consortium will share updates through the first three releases of the HTTP API, including optimizations and setting the iRODS server up as an OpenID Connect Protected Resource.

As always with the annual UGM, in addition to general software updates, users will offer presentations about their organizations’ deployments of iRODS. This year’s meeting will feature over 15 talks from users around the world. Among the use cases and deployments to be featured are:

• iRODS Security Challenges Within an Enterprise Environment. Dow. Dow’s focus on data security necessitates a tailored approach for their internal users, leading to the development of the Scientific Data Management System (SDMS) Query Tool (SQT) — a user-friendly tool designed to facilitate secure access to specific datasets. The current gap with Metalnx for general users is that there is too much control over modifying data and collections. Additionally, it is difficult to synchronize the iRODS users to our existing Azure Security groups for permission management. This talk outlines the development of a Querying Tool utilizing the iRODS C++ API as a backend to communicate with iRODS. The talk will highlight the need for robust security architecture for Enterprise scale applications and where we are hoping to take the project to in the future.

• Sharing data in a multi-system multi-role environment centered on iRODS. SURF and Erasmus University Rotterdam. SURF, the cooperative association of Dutch educational and research institutions, offers data infrastructure and services to the research communities. Some of its services are based on iRODS and are often used as building blocks for data platforms. One increasingly common architectural component in those platforms is a web portal where researchers can discover data using project specific queries. Once the data are found, they are made available to the researcher, directly, for example, with a download link or indirectly, triggering a copy to a computing environment where they are analyzed. The implementation of such workflow is time consuming. Its maintenance in the long term is often jeopardized by limited support available within the project and design choices too tailored for that use case makes its adoption by other organizations too difficult. We think that it is possible to model that workflow in a generic way as a reusable modular component and in a way flexible enough to support even the more stringent requirements associated with sensitive data. The component relies on iRODS and links together multiple web portals and repositories through an API layer based on FastAPI. We present here a proof of concept developed within the GUTS project, in collaboration with the project’s data management team and the research support.

•  Integration of iRODS in a Federated IT Service through HTTP and Python API. CC-IN2P3. The Federated IT Service (FITS) project, a collaborative endeavor between the IN2P3 computing center and French national HPC Center named IDRIS, addresses the challenge of managing the escalating data volumes generated by research infrastructures. The project aims to consolidate computing and storage resources while maintaining control over hosting expenses and minimizing the ecological footprint of digital technologies. Within the FITS project, iRODS was selected as the storage pooling solution, leveraging its established use within the IN2P3 Computing Centre. This implementation enables project users to seamlessly access their data without being aware of its physical location. 

• iRODS-based system turbocharged next-gen sequencing analysis during pandemic and beyond. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). The Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has numerous projects in various scientific domains that generate next generation sequencing data. Bioinformatics plays an important role in analyzing and interpreting this sequencing data. To support these analyses, we developed a platform that consists of a High Performance Compute (HPC) cluster, a Linux Scientific Workspace for software development and a Data Management System (DMS) based on iRODS. On top of this DMS, we also created a Job Engine: a tightly integrated process automation tool that manages the automated analyses of sequencing data on the HPC.

Bookending this year’s UGM are two in-person events for those who hope to learn more about iRODS. On May 28, the Consortium is offering beginner and advanced training sessions. After the conference, on May 31, users have the chance to register for a troubleshooting session, devoted to providing one-on-one help with an existing or planned iRODS installation or integration.

Registration for both physical and virtual attendance will remain open until the beginning of the event. Learn more at this year’s UGM at irods.org/ugm2024. 

About the iRODS Consortium

The iRODS Consortium is a membership organization that supports the development of the integrated Rule-Oriented Data System (iRODS), free open source software for data virtualization, data discovery, workflow automation, and secure collaboration. The iRODS Consortium provides a production-ready iRODS distribution and iRODS training, professional integration services, and support. The world’s top researchers in life sciences, geosciences, and information management use iRODS to control their data. Learn more at irods.org.

The iRODS Consortium is administered by founding member RENCI, a research institute for applications of cyberinfrastructure at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. For more information about RENCI, visit renci.org.

On September 14, 2018, Hurricane Florence made landfall in the Wrightsville Beach area of coastal North Carolina. While the storm was a category 1, it caused catastrophic flooding throughout much of the state. The record amount of rain from the system combined with an already saturated soil. Rivers overflowed their banks, storm surge inundated coastal areas, and the water had nowhere to go. It was a rare compound flooding scenario that will be studied and remembered for a long time.

It is difficult to model compound flooding – fluvial (river), pluvial (surface flooding unrelated to rivers), and oceanic storm surge interaction – impacts, but this scenario is faced annually by communities in the path of tropical and extratropical storm systems. Unfortunately, the difficulty of modeling and understanding these events impedes already difficult hurricane decision-making, leaving countless communities at increased risk, and there is evidence that these compound flooding events may occur more frequently in the future (e.g., Wahl, T., et al. “Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities.” Nature Climate Change 5.12 (2015): 1093-1097.). But a new modeling approach for river representation in the widely used coastal model ADCIRC may help change that, providing predictions and insights to the decision-makers working to keep their communities safe during storm-related flood events.

The Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina (UNC) Center for Natural Hazards Resilience, and Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) at UNC-Chapel Hill, combined efforts under a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to develop a better modeling approach for the compound flooding caused by these interconnected water systems. The resulting model advancement will help scientists represent river channel size variations and provide better insights into interactions between river channels and floodplains.

Current Models:

There are several models used to understand and predict coastal inundation scenarios, but two models are primarily used to understand flooding:

1. ADCIRC is developed by a consortium of researchers in academia, government, and industry, with activities centered and coordinated at both UNC-Chapel Hill and Notre Dame. It is the most widely used storm surge modeling and analysis platform. In fact, FEMA uses the model for coastal flood insurance studies, defining storm surge levels for coastal insurance rates. However, the standard trapezoidal river channel representation used in ADCIRC only accounts for structures down to 30 m, with smaller structures (small rivers, man-made waterways, inlets, estuaries, etc.) creating a more burdensome computation. This creates inaccuracies when modeling compound flood events.
   
2. HEC-RAS, a fluvial modeling system developed by the Army Corps of Engineers, accurately models river systems and has been the primary system used for real-time prediction of river flow and stage by the NOAA River Forecast Centers. It was originally developed as a model for inland river systems, where coastal waters do not reach. 

As a result, we currently have two unique and independently accurate models, one for storm surge flooding, and one for fluvial systems, but neither adequately accounts for impacts captured by the other. This means communities that fall into both flood risk zones are left outside our current ability to model and understand their unique circumstances.

Modeling Compound Flooding

The team’s new riverine feature in ADCIRC, led by Dr. Shintaro Bunya (a research scientist with UNC-Chapel Hill’s IMS and DHS-funded Coastal Resilience Center) and Prof. Rick Luettich (Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences (EMES) faculty member, Director of UNC-Chapel Hill’s IMS, and principal investigator of the Coastal Resilience Center), represents fluvial channels and man-made waterways using elongated, one-dimensional elements in the channel direction. The depth of the river and the height of the river bank are then specified at the same location. Previously not possible in ADCIRC, this “discontinuous” elevation permits a more accurate simulation of water flow and more easily accounts for smaller structures. The new river feature seamlessly fits into existing two-dimensional ADCIRC models and is as accurate at modeling fluvial flooding as HEC-RAS. The technique details and applications were recently published here.

Already, the model has proven its worth. The new river feature was demonstrated in a real-world application (see the figure below) using a large, ocean scale ADCIRC grid for detailed simulations along the North Carolina coastal region. The coastal river network, with about 200 m along channel resolution in the Neuse River, is represented by the narrow elements, detailed in insets A and B. The entire ADCIRC grid is shown in inset C. The orange-red colors show the predicted maximum water level contour in a Hurricane Florence (2018) simulation, and the plot in the upper right shows a comparison of observed versus predicted high water marks along the Neuse River. The agreement between observations and predictions is very high, indicating that this new approach to river channel representation in ADCIRC will be highly beneficial in predicting future flooding river flow conditions and their impacts on coastal flooding.

Figure. Real-world example of the new channel network feature in ADCIRC. 

This new model has the potential to provide better predictions for communities where evacuation decisions can be the hardest to make, in the hope that North Carolina and other coastal states are less likely to be caught off guard by the flood risks in these compound flooding events.

IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center at VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, which is based in the Czech Republic, has become the newest member of the iRODS Consortium. The consortium brings together businesses, research organizations, universities, and government agencies from around the world to ensure the sustainability of the iRODS software as a solution for distributed storage, transfer, and management of data. Members work with the consortium to guide further development and innovation, expand its user and developer communities, and provide adequate support and educational resources.

IT4Innovations is the leading research, development, and innovation center active in the fields of High-Performance Computing (HPC), Data Analysis (HPDA), Quantum Computing (QC), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their application to other scientific fields, industry, and society. Since 2013, IT4Innovations has been operating the most powerful supercomputing systems in the Czech Republic, which are provided to Czech and foreign research teams from academia and industry.

Integrated Rule-Oriented Data System (iRODS) is an open-source software that is used by research, commercial and government organizations around the world. The iRODS software allows you to store, manage and share large amounts of data, including their metadata, between different organizations and platforms and provides a mechanism for defining rules for their storage, processing and distribution. iRODS is designed to support collaboration, interoperability and scalability of data infrastructures.

Martin Golasowski, senior researcher at IT4Innovations, summarizes the benefits of membership in the iRODS Consortium: “The demand for a comprehensive solution for fast and efficient data transfer between locations is increasing across the European scientific community. Membership in the iRODS Consortium will enable us to communicate directly with the development team of this solution and provide us with access to the latest features and support in providing these tools not only to the scientific community.”

“iRODS provides a virtual file system for various types of data storage, metadata management, and, last but not least, a mechanism for federating geographically distant locations for data transfer. These features are used in the LEXIS Platform, which simplifies the use of powerful supercomputers to run complex computational tasks through a unified graphical interface or using a specialized application interface. The transfer of large volumes of data between supercomputers and data storage is then performed automatically and transparently for those using iRODS and other data management technologies,” adds Martin Golasowski.

“We are very excited to have our friends in the Czech Republic join the Consortium,” said Terrell Russell, Executive Director of the iRODS Consortium. “Their expertise and collaborative insights have already made iRODS better for everyone. We look forward to continued progress working alongside IT4Innovations.”

The iRODS software has been deployed at thousands of locations worldwide for long-term management of PB data in various industries such as the oil and gas industry, biosciences, physical sciences, archives, and media and entertainment industry. The development team of the iRODS Consortium is based at the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), which is affiliated with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. To learn more about iRODS and the iRODS Consortium, please visit irods.org.

To learn more about IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, please visit www.it4i.cz/en.